EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS MAGNESIUM SULFATE ON HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES DURING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Abstract

Background: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum are linked to considerable sympathetic activation that causes hemodynamic oscillations. Magnesium sulfate may help reduce these reactions and enhance perioperative stability because of its sympatholytic and calcium antagonistic qualities.

Aim & Objectives: To assess how intravenous magnesium sulfate affects hemodynamic reactions in patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia during endotracheal intubation and pneumoperitoneum.

Methodology: One hundred patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia participated in this hospital-based prospective interventional comparative study. Patients were divided into two groups of fifty at random. Prior to induction, Group A was given 30 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate intravenously, while Group B was given regular saline. Perioperative hemodynamic parameters were measured, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and SpO₂. Complications, analgesic need, and postoperative pain levels were all evaluated. SPSS version 30 was used for the statistical analysis, and p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results: Magnesium sulfate-treated patients showed considerably lower mean arterial pressure and perioperative heart rate than the control group (p<0.001). Group A had significantly lower postoperative pain levels and a lower need for rescue analgesics. In contrast to none in Group B, 52% of patients in Group A had minimal pain levels (NRS 0–2). The magnesium sulfate group experienced fewer perioperative problems (p=0.03).

Conclusion: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intravenous magnesium sulfate improved perioperative stability with an acceptable safety profile, decreased the need for postoperative analgesics, and successfully suppressed hemodynamic responses during intubation and pneumoperitoneum.